Navakarnataka Publications

Congratulate the New Laureates

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Scientific Background

"I was in my study. I get up early ..." Click to listen to an interview with Thomas J. Sargent (6:30):

"It is good to have people thinking about macroeconomics ..." Click to listen to an interview with Christopher A. Sims (5:19):

2011 Nobel Peace Prize

The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize is awarded jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work".

Congratulate the New Nobel Laureates

"... truly women have a place ..." Click to listen to an interview with Leymah Gbowee (2:01):

2011 Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 is awarded to Tomas Tranströmer "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality".

Congratulate the New Nobel Laureate

Bio-bibliography

Video Interview with Tomas Tranströmer

Five Poems by Tomas Tranströmer

2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Dan Shechtman "for the discovery of quasicrystals".

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Scientific Background

Congratulate the New Nobel Laureate

"It was difficult to convince many people ..." Click to listen to an interview with Dan Shechtman (4:34):

2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae" with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess.

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Congratulate the Nobel Laureates

"We are talking about 5-billion light years ..." Telephone Interview with Adam G. Riess

"And I said 'How do I feel about what?'..." Telephone Interview with Saul Perlmutter

"... great ideas don't need billions of dollars ..." Telephone Interview with Brian P. Schmidt

2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".

Congratulate the New Nobel Laureates
"I was absolutely delighted" ... Telephone Interview with Bruce A. Beutler

"I was not waiting for something like that to happen" ... Telephone Interview with Jules A. Hoffmann

Press Release: Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate

Nobel Prize for Economics 2011

2011-10-10T20:21:00.001+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements - Nobel Prize for Economics 2011

2011 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

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Congratulate the New Laureates
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"I was in my study. I get up early ..." Click to listen to an interview with Thomas J. Sargent (5:02):

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The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011

Thomas J. Sargent, Christopher A. Sims

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011

Thomas J. Sargent

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Christopher A. Sims

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Photo: Denise Applewhite, Princeton University

Thomas J. Sargent

Christopher A. Sims

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011 was awarded jointly to Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011

Thomas J. Sargent, Christopher A. Sims

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011

Thomas J. Sargent

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Christopher A. Sims

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Nobel Peace Prize 2011

2011-10-07T21:11:00.000+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

2011 Nobel Peace Prize

Press Release
Congratulate the New Nobel Laureates
Video from the Prize Announcement

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee, Tawakkul Karman

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Leymah Gbowee

Tawakkul Karman

Photo: A. Cruz/ABr. Creative Commons License Attr. 2.5 Brazil

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Leymah Gbowee

Tawakkul Karman

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 was awarded jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work".

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee, Tawakkul Karman

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

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English

Norwegian

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2011

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2011 is to be divided in three equal parts between Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work. We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society.

In October 2000, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1325. The resolution for the first time made violence against women in armed conflict an international security issue. It underlined the need for women to become participants on an equal footing with men in peace processes and in peace work in general.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is Africa’s first democratically elected female president. Since her inauguration in 2006, she has contributed to securing peace in Liberia, to promoting economic and social development, and to strengthening the position of women. Leymah Gbowee mobilized and organized women across ethnic and religious dividing lines to bring an end to the long war in Liberia, and to ensure women’s participation in elections. She has since worked to enhance the influence of women in West Africa during and after war. In the most trying circumstances, both before and during the “Arab spring”, Tawakkul Karman has played a leading part in the struggle for women’s rights and for democracy and peace in Yemen.

It is the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s hope that the prize to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman will help to bring an end to the suppression of women that still occurs in many countries, and to realise the great potential for democracy and peace that women can represent.

Oslo, October 7, 2011

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Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

2011-10-06T17:49:00.001+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

2011 Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 is awarded to Tomas Tranströmer "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality".

Congratulate the New Nobel Laureate

Bio-bibliography

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Tomas Tranströmer

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Tomas Tranströmer

Photo © Ulla Montan. Courtesy: Albert Bonniers Förlag

Tomas Tranströmer

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 was awarded to Tomas Tranströmer "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality".

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Tomas Tranströmer

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Tomas Tranströmer

English

The Permanent Secretary

Press Release

6 October 2011

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

Tomas Tranströmer

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2011 is awarded to the Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer

“because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality”.

Tomas Tranströmer

Bio-bibliography

English

Spanish
Spanish [pdf]

Biobibliographical notes

Tomas Tranströmer was born in Stockholm on 15 April 1931. His mother Helmy was a schoolteacher and his father Gösta Tranströmer a journalist. After graduating in 1950 from Södra Latin grammar school he studied literature history and poetics, the history of religion, and psychology at Stockholm University – subjects he took for his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1956. After completed academic studies, he was employed as an assistant at the Institution for Psychometrics at Stockholm University in 1957. In the following year, he married Monica Bladh. Between 1960 and 1966, he worked as a psychologist at Roxtuna, a youth correctional facility near Linköping. In 1980 he took a position at the Labour Market Institute (Arbetsmarknadsinstitutet) in Västerås. In 1990 Tranströmer suffered a stroke that left him largely unable to speak.

After publishing poems in a number of journals, Tranströmer published in 1954 17 dikter (17 poems) – one of the most acclaimed literary debuts of the decade. Already apparent was the interest in nature and music that has informed a major part of his production. With the following collections – Hemligheter på vägen (1958; Secrets along the way), Den halvfärdiga himlen (1962; The Half-Finished Heaven, 2001) and Klanger och spår (1966; see Windows & Stones : Selected Poems, 1972) – he consolidated his standing among critics and other readers as one of the leading poets of his generation.

A suite, Östersjöar (1974; Baltics, 1975), gathers fragments of a family chronicle from Runmarö Island in the Stockholm archipelago, where his maternal grandfather was a pilot and where Tranströmer has spent many summers since boyhood. His reminiscences from growing up in the 1930s and ‘40s are collected in a memoir, Minnena ser mig (1993; The memories see me).

Most of Tranströmer’s poetry collections are characterised by economy, concreteness and poignant metaphors. In his latest collections, Sorgegondolen (1996; The Sorrow Gondola, 1997) and Den stora gåtan (2004; The Great Enigma, 2006), Tranströmer has shifted towards an even smaller format and a higher degree of concentration.

Tranströmer was introduced in the United States by author Robert Bly as early as the 1960s. Since then, international interest in his poetry has grown and he has now been translated into more than sixty languages. Tranströmer has periodically published his own translations of poetry in other languages. A collection, entitled Tolkningar (Interpretations), was published in 1999.

Works in Swedish

Poetry collections
17 dikter. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1954

Hemligheter på vägen. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1958

Den halvfärdiga himlen. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1962

Klanger och spår. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1966

Mörkerseende. – Göteborg : Författarförlaget, 1970

Stigar / Tomas Tranströmer, Robert Bly, János Pilinszky ; övers. av Tomas Tranströmer tillsammans med Géza Thinsz. – Göteborg : Författarförlaget, 1973

Östersjöar. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1974

Sanningsbarriären. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1978

Det vilda torget. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1983

The Blue House = Det blå huset / translated from the Swedish by Göran Malmqvist. – Houston, TX. : Thunder City Press, 1987

För levande och döda. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1989

Sorgegondolen. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1996

Fängelse : nio haikudikter från Hällby ungdomsfängelse (1959). – Uppsala : Ed. Edda, 2001

Den stora gåtan. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 2004

Tomas Tranströmers ungdomsdikter / utgivna och kommenterade av Jonas Ellerström. – Lund : Ellerström, 2006. – 2., utök. uppl. 2011

Collections
Kvartett : 17 dikter ; Hemligheter på vägen ; Den halvfärdiga himlen ; Klanger och spår. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1967

Dikter 1954-1978. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1979

Dikter. – Stockholm : MånPocket, 1984

Samlade dikter : 1954-1996. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 2001. – Ny utg. 2002 och 2005

Dikter och prosa 1954-2004. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 2011

Miscellaneous
Minnena ser mig. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1993

Tolkningar / redaktör: Niklas Schiöler. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1999

Air mail : brev 1964-1990 / Tomas Tranströmer, Robert Bly ; en bok sammanställd av Torbjörn

Schmidt ; översättning av Lars-Håkan Svensson. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 2001

Works in English

Twenty Poems / translated by Robert Bly. – Madison, MN. : Seventies Press, 1970

Night Vision / selected and translated from the Swedish by Robert Bly. – London : London Magazine Editions, 1972

Windows & Stones : Selected Poems / translated by May Swenson with Leif Sjöberg. – Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972

Elegy ; Some October notes / translated from the Swedish of Tomas Tranströmer. – Rushden : Sceptre, 1973

Citoyens / translated from the Swedish by Robin Fulton. – Knotting, Bedfordshire : Sceptre Press, 1974

Baltics / translated by Samuel Charters. – Berkeley : Oyez, 1975. – Translation of Östersjöar

Baltics / translated from the Swedish by Robin Fulton. – London : Oasis Books, 1980. – Translation of Östersjöar

How the Late Autumn Night Novel Begins / translated by Robin Fulton. – Knotting, Bedfordshire : Sceptre Press, 1980

Truth Barriers : Poems / translated and introduced by Robert Bly. – San Francisco : Sierra Club Books, 1980. – Translation of Sanningsbarriären

Selected Poems / translated by Robin Fulton. – Ann Arbor, MI. : Ardis Publishers, 1981

The Truth Barrier / translated from the Swedish by Robin Fulton. – London : Oasis, 1984

The Wild Marketplace / translated by John F. Deane. – Sandymount, Dublin : Dedalus, 1985. – Translation of Det vilda torget

Tomas Tranströmer : Selected Poems, 1954-1986 / edited by Robert Hass. – New York : Ecco Press, 1987

The Blue House = Det blå huset / translated from the Swedish by Göran Malmqvist. – Houston, TX. : Thunder City Press, 1987

Collected Poems / translated by Robin Fulton. – Newcastle upon Tyne : Bloodaxe Books, 1987

For the Living and the Dead / poems translated from Swedish by John F. Deane. – Dublin : Dedalus, 1994

For the Living and the Dead : New Poems and a Memoir / edited by Daniel Halpern. – Hopewell, NJ : Ecco Press, 1995

For the Living and the Dead : A Bilingual Edition / translation from the Swedish by Don Coles. – Ottawa, Ont. : BuschekBooks, 1996

New Collected Poems / translated by Robin Fulton. – Newcastle upon Tyne : Bloodaxe Books, 1997

Sorgegondolen = The Sorrow Gondola / translated from the Swedish by Robin Fulton. – Dublin : Dedalus Press, 1997

The Half-Finished Heaven : The Best Poems of Tomas Tranströmer / chosen and translated by Robert Bly. – Saint Paul, MN. : Graywolf Press, 2001

The Deleted World. – Bilingual ed. / new versions in English by Robin Robertson. – London : Enitharmon Press, 2006

The Great Enigma : New Collected Poems / translated from the Swedish by Robin Fulton. – New York, NY : New Directions, 2006

The Sorrow Gondola = Sorgegondolen / translated by Michael McGriff & Mikaela Grassl. – København : Green Integer, 2010

Works in French

Baltiques : et autres poèmes, anthologie (1966-1989) / traduit du suédois par Jacques Outin ... – Pantin : Le Castor astral, 1989. – Traduction de: Östersjöar

Œuvres complètes : poèmes, 1954-1996 / traduit du suédois et préface par Jacques Outin ; avertissement de Kjell Espmark ... ; postf. de Renaud Ego. – Bègles : Le Castor astral, 1996

Les souvenirs m'observent / traduit du suédois et postface par Jacques Outin. – Bègles : Le Castor astral, 2004. – Traduction de: Minnena ser mig

La grande énigme : 45 haïkus / adaptés du suédois par Jacques Outin ; préface de Petr Kral ; photogr. de

Lucien Clergue. – Talence : Le Castor astral, 2004. – Traduction de: Den stora gåtan

Baltiques : œuvres complètes 1954-2004 / traduit du suédois et préfacé par Jacques Outin ; avertissement de Kjell Espmark ; postface de Renaud Ego. – Paris : Gallimard, 2004

Works in Spanish

Postales negras / traducción: Roberto Mascaró & Christian Kupchik. – Stockholm : Ediciones Inferno, 1988

El bosque en otoño / traducción de Roberto Mascaró. – Montevideo : Uno/Siesta, 1989

Para vivos y muertos / versiones de Roberto Mascaró ; con la versión de Bálticos de Francisco Uriz. – Madrid : Hiperión, 1992

Góndola fúnebre / versión castellana de Roberto Mascaró. – Concepción : Ed. Literatura Americana Reunida (LAR), 2000

29 jaicus y otros poemas = 29 haiku och andra dikter / versión castellana y prólogo de Roberto Mascaró. – Montevideo : Ediciones Imaginarias, 2003

Poemas selectos y Visión de la Memoria / versión castellana: Roberto Mascaró. – Caracas : Bid & Co., 2009

El cielo a medio hacer / traducción y selección de Roberto Mascaró. – Madrid : Nórdica Libros, 2010

Works in German

Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1981

Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Heyne, 1983

Formeln der Reise / Aus dem Schwedischen nachgedichtet von Friedrich Ege, Hanns Grössel, Richard Pietrass, Pierre Zekeli. – Berlin : Verlag Volk und Welt, 1983.

Der wilde Marktplatz : Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1985. – Originaltitel: Det vilda torget

Der Mond und die Eiszeit : Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Piper, 1992

Schmetterlingsmuseum : fünf autobiographische Texte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – Leipzig : Reclam, 1992

Für Lebende und Tote : Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1993. – Originaltitel: För levande och döda

Sämtliche Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1997

Die Erinnerungen sehen mich / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1999. – Originaltitel: Minnena ser mig

Gedichte / Ausgewählt von Raoul Schrott ; aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. – München : Hanser, 1999

Einunddreißig Gedichte / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel ; ausgewählt von Heiner Boehncke. – Stade : Ed. Goldberg, 2002

Das große Rätsel : Gedichte. – Zweisprachige Ausgabe / Aus dem Schwedischen von Hanns Grössel. –

München : Hanser, 2005. – Originaltitel: Den stora gåtan

Ungdomsdikter / Jugendgedichte. – Münster : Kleinheinrich, 2011

Miscellaneous

Fulton, Robin, The Poetry of Tomas Tranströmer. – London : Academic Press, 1973

Espmark, Kjell, Resans formler : en studie i Tomas Tranströmers poesi. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 1983

Bergsten, Staffan, Den trösterika gåtan : tio essäer om Tomas Tranströmers lyrik. – Stockholm : FIB:s lyrikklubb, 1989

Karlström, Lennart, Tomas Tranströmer : en bibliografi. – Stockholm : Kungl. bibl., 1990-2001. – 2 vol.

Bankier, Joanna, The sense of time in the poetry of Tomas Tranströmer. – Ann Arbor, MI. : UMI, 1993

Ringgren, Magnus, Det är inte som det var att gå längs stranden : en guide till Tomas Tranströmers Östersjöar. – Stockholm : Bokbandet, 1997

Schiöler, Niklas, Koncentrationens konst : Tomas Tranströmers senare poesi. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 1999

Ringgren, Magnus, Stjärnhimlen genom avloppsgallret : fyra essäer om Tomas Tranströmer. – Uppsala : Ed. Edda, 2001

Sjöberg, Fredrik, Tranströmerska insektsamlingen från Runmarö. – Lund : Ellerström, 2001

Nielsen, Birgitte Steffen, Den grå stemme : stemmen i Tomas Tranströmers poesi. – Viborg : Arena, 2002

Rönnerstrand, Torsten, "Varje problem ropar på sitt eget språk" : om Tomas Tranströmer och språkdebatten. – Karlstad : Karlstad Univ. Press, 2003

Slyk, Magdalena, "Vem är jag?" : det lyriska subjektet och dess förklädnader i Tomas Tranströmers författarskap. – Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2010

Bergsten, Staffan, Tomas Tranströmer : ett diktarporträtt. – Stockholm : Bonnier, 2011

The Swedish Academy

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

2011-10-05T16:30:00.000+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for the discovery of quasicrystals".

Press Release
Popular Information
Scientific Background
Congratulate the New Nobel Laureate

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

Daniel Shechtman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

Daniel Shechtman

Photo: Iowa State University

Daniel Shechtman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 was awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for the discovery of quasicrystals".

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

Daniel Shechtman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

Daniel Shechtman

English
English (pdf)

Swedish
Swedish (pdf)

Press Release

5 October 2011

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2011 to

Daniel Shechtman
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

"for the discovery of quasicrystals"

A remarkable mosaic of atoms

In quasicrystals, we find the fascinating mosaics of the Arabic world reproduced at the level of atoms: regular patterns that never repeat themselves. However, the configuration found in quasicrystals was considered impossible, and Daniel Shechtman had to fight a fierce battle against established science. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 has fundamentally altered how chemists conceive of solid matter.

On the morning of 8 April 1982, an image counter to the laws of nature appeared in Daniel Shechtman's electron microscope. In all solid matter, atoms were believed to be packed inside crystals in symmetrical patterns that were repeated periodically over and over again. For scientists, this repetition was required in order to obtain a crystal.

Shechtman's image, however, showed that the atoms in his crystal were packed in a pattern that could not be repeated. Such a pattern was considered just as impossible as creating a football using only six-cornered polygons, when a sphere needs both five- and six-cornered polygons. His discovery was extremely controversial. In the course of defending his findings, he was asked to leave his research group. However, his battle eventually forced scientists to reconsider their conception of the very nature of matter.

Aperiodic mosaics, such as those found in the medieval Islamic mosaics of the Alhambra Palace in Spain and the Darb-i Imam Shrine in Iran, have helped scientists understand what quasicrystals look like at the atomic level. In those mosaics, as in quasicrystals, the patterns are regular - they follow mathematical rules - but they never repeat themselves.

When scientists describe Shechtman's quasicrystals, they use a concept that comes from mathematics and art: the golden ratio. This number had already caught the interest of mathematicians in Ancient Greece, as it often appeared in geometry. In quasicrystals, for instance, the ratio of various distances between atoms is related to the golden mean.

Following Shechtman's discovery, scientists have produced other kinds of quasicrystals in the lab and discovered naturally occurring quasicrystals in mineral samples from a Russian river. A Swedish company has also found quasicrystals in a certain form of steel, where the crystals reinforce the material like armor. Scientists are currently experimenting with using quasicrystals in different products such as frying pans and diesel engines.

Read more about this year's prize

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Daniel Shechtman, Israeli citizen. Born 1941 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Ph.D. 1972 from Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Distinguished Professor, The Philip Tobias Chair, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
http://materials.technion.ac.il/shechtman.html

The Prize amount: SEK 10 million
Contacts: Erik Huss, Press Officer, phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se
Ann Fernholm, Editor, Phone +46 70 750 22 16, ann.fernholm@kva.se

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplins.

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Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

2011-10-04T20:13:00.000+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, Adam G. Riess

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter

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Brian P. Schmidt

Adam G. Riess

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Photo: Roy Kaltschmidt. Courtesy: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Photo: Belinda Pratten, Australian National University

Photo: Scanpix/AFP

Saul Perlmutter

Brian P. Schmidt

Adam G. Riess

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 was awarded "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae" with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess.

2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

Press Release
Video from the Prize Announcement
Congratulate the Nobel Laureates
"We are talking about 5-billion light years" ... Telephone

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, Adam G. Riess

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter

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Brian P. Schmidt

Adam G. Riess

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		English English (pdf)
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Press Release

4 October 2011

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2011

with one half to

Saul Perlmutter
The Supernova Cosmology Project
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA

and the other half jointly to

Brian P. Schmidt
The High-z Supernova Search Team
Australian National University,
Weston Creek, Australia

and

Adam G. Riess
The High-z Supernova Search Team
Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute,
Baltimore, MD, USA

"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"

Written in the stars

"Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice..." *
What will be the final destiny of the Universe? Probably it will end in ice, if we are to believe this year's Nobel Laureates in Physics. They have studied several dozen exploding stars, called supernovae, and discovered that the Universe is expanding at an ever-accelerating rate. The discovery came as a complete surprise even to the Laureates themselves.

In 1998, cosmology was shaken at its foundations as two research teams presented their findings. Headed by Saul Perlmutter, one of the teams had set to work in 1988. Brian Schmidt headed another team, launched at the end of 1994, where Adam Riess was to play a crucial role.

The research teams raced to map the Universe by locating the most distant supernovae. More sophisticated telescopes on the ground and in space, as well as more powerful computers and new digital imaging sensors (CCD, Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009), opened the possibility in the 1990s to add more pieces to the cosmological puzzle.

The teams used a particular kind of supernova, called type Ia supernova. It is an explosion of an old compact star that is as heavy as the Sun but as small as the Earth. A single such supernova can emit as much light as a whole galaxy. All in all, the two research teams found over 50 distant supernovae whose light was weaker than expected - this was a sign that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating. The potential pitfalls had been numerous, and the scientists found reassurance in the fact that both groups had reached the same astonishing conclusion.

For almost a century, the Universe has been known to be expanding as a consequence of the Big Bang about 14 billion years ago. However, the discovery that this expansion is accelerating is astounding. If the expansion will continue to speed up the Universe will end in ice.

The acceleration is thought to be driven by dark energy, but what that dark energy is remains an enigma - perhaps the greatest in physics today. What is known is that dark energy constitutes about three quarters of the Universe. Therefore the findings of the 2011 Nobel Laureates in Physics have helped to unveil a Universe that to a large extent is unknown to science. And everything is possible again.

Read more about this year's prize

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Saul Perlmutter, U.S. citizen. Born 1959 in Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA. Ph.D. 1986 from University of California, Berkeley, USA. Head of the Supernova Cosmology Project, Professor of Astrophysics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/faculty/perlmutter.html

Brian P. Schmidt, U.S. and Australian citizen. Born 1967 in Missoula, MT, USA. Ph.D. 1993 from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Head of the High-z Supernova Search Team, Distinguished Professor, Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia.
msowww.anu.edu.au/~brian/

Adam G. Riess, U.S. citizen. Born 1969 in Washington, DC, USA. Ph.D. 1996 from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Professor of Astronomy and Physics, Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
www.stsci.edu/~ariess/

Prize amount: SEK 10 million, with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half to be shared equally between Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess.

Contact persons: Erik Huss, Press Officer, Phone +46 8 673 95 44, mobile +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se
Annika Moberg, Editor, Phone +46 8 673 95 22, Mobile +46 70 673 96 90, annika.moberg@kva.se

* Robert Frost, Fire and Ice, 1920

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Nobel Prize for Medicine 2011, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011

2011-10-04T05:51:00.001+05:30

2011 Nobel Prize Announcements

2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine