Thursday, October 10, 2013

Nobel Prize in Literature 2013

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013
Alice Munro

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013

Photo: © shapton 09

Alice Munro

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013 was awarded to Alice Munro "master of the contemporary short story".

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013
Alice Munro

Bio-bibliography

English
English [pdf]

Swedish
Swedish [pdf]

French
French [pdf]

German
German [pdf]

Spanish
Spanish [pdf]

Biobibliographical notes

Alice Munro was born on the 10th of July, 1931 in Wingham, which is in the Canadian province of Ontario. Her mother was a teacher, and her father was a fox farmer. After finishing high school, she began studying journalism and English at the University of Western Ontario, but broke off her studies when she got married in 1951. Together with her husband, she settled in Victoria, British Columbia, where the couple opened a bookstore. Munro started writing stories in her teens, but published her first book-length work in 1968, the story collection Dance of the Happy Shades, which received considerable attention in Canada. She had begun publishing in various magazines from the beginning of the 1950's. In 1971 she published a collection of stories entitled Lives of Girls and Women, which critics have described as a Bildungsroman.

Munro is primarily known for her short stories and has published many collections over the years. Her works include Who Do You Think You Are? (1978), The Moons of Jupiter (1982), Runaway (2004), The View from Castle Rock(2006) and Too Much Happiness (2009). The collection Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001) became the basis of the film Away from Her from 2006, directed by Sarah Polley. Her most recent collection is Dear Life(2012).

Munro is acclaimed for her finely tuned storytelling, which is characterized by clarity and psychological realism. Some critics consider her a Canadian Chekhov. Her stories are often set in small town environments, where the struggle for a socially acceptable existence often results in strained relationships and moral conflicts – problems that stem from generational differences and colliding life ambitions. Her texts often feature depictions of everyday but decisive events, epiphanies of a kind, that illuminate the surrounding story and let existential questions appear in a flash of lightning.

Alice Munro currently resides in Clinton, near her childhood home in southwestern Ontario.

Major works in English

Dance of the Happy Shades and Other Stories. – Toronto : Ryerson, 1968

Lives of Girls and Women. – Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1971

Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You : Thirteen Stories. – Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1974

Who Do You Think You Are? : Stories. – Toronto : Macmillan of Canada, 1978. – Note: also published as The Beggar Maid : Stories of Flo and Rose. – New York : Knopf, 1979

The Moons of Jupiter : Stories. – Toronto : Macmillan of Canada, 1982

The Progress of Love. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1986

Friend of My Youth : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1990

Open Secrets : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1994

The Love of a Good Woman : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1998

Queenie : A Story. – London : Profile Books/London Review of Books, 1999

Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2001

Runaway : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2004

The View from Castle Rock : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2006

Away from Her. – New York : Vintage, 2007. – Note: contains the short story “The Bear Came Over The Mountain” which was later made into the motion picture Away from her

Too Much Happiness : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2009

Dear Life : Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2012

Collected short stories

Selected Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1996

No Love Lost. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2003

Vintage Munro. – New York : Vintage, 2004

Carried Away : A Selection of Stories. – New York : Knopf, 2006

Alice Munro’s Best : Selected Stories. – Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 2008

New Selected Stories. – London : Chatto & Windus, 2011

Works in French

Pour-qui te prendstu? : roman / traduit de l'anglais par Colette Tonge. – Montréal : Québec/Amérique, 1981. – Traduction de : Who Do You Think You Are?

Les lunes de Jupiter : nouvelles / traduit de l'anglais par Colette Tonge. – Paris : Albin Michel, 1989. – Traduction de : The Moons of Jupiter

Miles city, Montana / traduit de l'anglais par Florence Petry et Jean-Pierre Ricard. – Paris : Deuxtemps Tierce, 1991. – Traduction de : The Progress of Love

Amie de ma jeunesse : nouvelles / traduit de l'anglais par Marie-Odile Fortier-Masek. – Paris : Albin Michel, 1992. – Traduction de : Friend of my Youth

Secrets de Polichinelle : nouvelles / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Céline Schwaller-Balaÿ. – Paris : Rivages, 1995. – Traduction de : Open Secrets

L'amour d'une honnête femme : nouvelles / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Geneviève Doze. – Paris : Payot et Rivages, 2001. – Traduction de : The Love of a Good Woman

La danse des ombres heureuses : nouvelles/ traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Geneviève Doze. – Paris : Payot et Rivages, 2002

Un demi-pamplemousse : nouvelles / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Michèle Causse. – Paris : Payot & Rivages, 2002

Un peu, beaucoup, pas du tout / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Geneviève Doze. – Paris : Payot et Rivages, 2004. – Traduction de : Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage

Loin d'elle / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Geneviève Doze. – Paris : Payot & Rivages, 2007

Fugitives / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Jacqueline Huet et Jean-Pierre Carasso. – Paris : Olivier. 2008. – Traduction de : Runaway

Du côté de Castle Rock / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Jacqueline Huet et Jean-Pierre Carasso. – Paris : Olivier, 2009. – Traduction de : The View from Castle Rock

Trop de bonheur / traduit de l'anglais (Canada) par Jacqueline Huet et Jean-Pierre Carasso. – Paris : Olivier. 2013. – Traduction de : Too Much Happiness

Works in Swedish

Tiggarflickan / översättning av Karin Benecke. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 1984. – Orig:s titel: The Beggar Maid

Jupiters månar : noveller / översättning av Karin Benecke. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 1985. – Orig:s titel: The Moons of Jupiter

Kärlekens vägar : noveller / översättning av Karin Benecke. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 1991. – Orig:s titel: The Progress of Love

Äpplen eller apelsiner : noveller / översättning av Karin Benecke. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 1993. – Orig:s titel: Friend of my Youth

Kärlek, vänskap, hat : noveller / översättning av Rose-Marie Nielsen. – Stockholm : Wahlström & Widstrand, 2003. – Orig:s titel: Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage

Nära hem / översättning: Karin Benecke. – Stockholm : Atlas, 2009. – Urval ur: Progress of Love; Moons of Jupiter; Friend of my Youth

För mycket lycka / översättning: Rose-Marie Nielsen. – Stockholm : Atlas, 2010. – Orig:s titel: Too Much Happiness

Brinnande livet / översättning: Rose-Marie Nielsen. – Stockholm : Atlas, 2013. – Orig:s titel: Dear life

Tiggarflickan / översättning : Karin Benecke. – Ny utg. – Stockholm : Atlas, 2013. – Orig:s titel: The Beggar Maid

Works in Spanish

Las lunas de Júpiter / traducción de Esperanza Pérez Moreno. – Barcelona : Versal, 1990. – Título original: The Moons of Jupiter

El progreso del amor / versión castellana de Flora Casas. – Madrid : Debate, 1990. – Título original: The Progress of Love

Amistad de juventud / traducción de Esperanza Pérez Moreno. – Barcelona : Versal, 1991. – Título original: Friend of My Youth

Secretos a voces / versión castellana de Flora Casas. – Madrid : Debate, 1996. – Título original: Open Secrets

El amor de una mujer generosa : relatos / traducción de Javier Alfaya Bula, José Hamad, Javier Alfaya McShane. – Madrid : Siglo XXI de España, 2002. – Título original: The Love of a Good Woman

Odio, amistad, noviazgo, amor, matrimonio / traducción de Marcelo Cohen. – Barcelona : RBA, 2003. – Título original: Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage

Escapada / traducción de Carmen Aguilar. – Barcelona : RBA, 2005. – Título original: Runaway

La vista desde Castle Rock / traducción de Isabel Ferrer y Carlos Milla. – Barcelona : RBA, 2008. – Título original: The View from Castle Rock

Demasiada felicidad / traducción de Flora Casas. – Barcelona : Lumen, 2010. – Título original: Too Much Happiness

La vida de las mujeres / traducción de Aurora Echevarría. – Barcelona : Lumen, 2011. – Título original: Lives of Girls and Women

Mi vida querida / traducción de Eugenia Vázquez Nacarino. – Barcelona : Lumen, 2013. – Título original: Dear Life

Works in German

Das Bettlermädchen : Geschichten von Flo und Rose / Aus dem Amerikan. übers. von Hildegard Petry. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1981. – Originaltitel: Who Do You Think You Are?

Kleine Aussichten : ein Roman von Mädchen und Frauen / Aus dem Amerikan. übers. von Hildegard Petry. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1983. – Originaltitel: Lives of Girls and Women

Die Jupitermonde : Erzählungen / Aus dem Amerikan. übers. von Manfred Ohl und Hans Sartorius. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1986. – Originaltitel: The Moons of Jupiter

Der Mond über der Eisbahn : Liebesgeschichten / Aus dem Amerikan. übers. von Helga Huisgen. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1989. – Originaltitel: The Progress of Love

Glaubst du, es war Liebe? : Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. übers. von Karen Nölle-Fischer. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1991. – Originaltitel: Friend of my Youth

Offene Geheimnisse : Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Karen Nölle-Fischer. – Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta, 1996. – Originaltitel: Open Secrets

Die Liebe einer Frau : drei Erzählungen und ein kurzer Roman / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2000. – Originaltitel: The Love of a Good Woman

Der Traum meiner Mutter : Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2002

Himmel und Hölle : neun Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2004. – Originaltitel: Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage

Tricks : acht Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2006. – Originaltitel: Runaway

Wozu wollen Sie das wissen? : elf Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2008. – Originaltitel: The View from Castle Rock

Der Bär kletterte über den Berg : drei Dreiecksgeschichten / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Berlin : Wagenbach, 2008

Tanz der seligen Geister : fünfzehn Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Zürich : Dörlemann, 2010. – Originaltitel: Dance of the Happy Shades

Zu viel Glück : zehn Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2011. – Originaltitel: Too Much Happiness

Was ich dir schon immer sagen wollte : dreizehn Erzählungen / Aus dem Engl. von Heidi Zerning. – Zürich : Dörlemann, 2012. – Originaltitel: Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You

Critical studies (a selection)

Probable Fictions : Alice Munro’s Narrative Acts / edited by Louis K. MacKendrick. – Downsview, Ont. : ECW Press, 1983

Dahlie, Hallvard, Alice Munro and Her Works. – Toronto, Ont. : ECW Press, 1984

The Art of Alice Munro : Saying the Unsayable : Papers From the Waterloo Conference / edited by Judith Miller. – Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo Press, 1984

Martin, W. R., Alice Munro : Paradox and Parallel. – Edmonton, Alta. : University of Alberta Press, 1986

Blodgett, E. D., Alice Munro. – Boston : Twayne, 1988

Carrington, Ildikó de Papp, Controlling the Uncontrollable : The Fiction of Alice Munro. – DeKalb : Northern Illinois University Press, 1989

Rasporich, Beverly Jean, Dance of the Sexes : Art and Gender in the Fiction of Alice Munro. – Edmonton, Alta. : University of Alberta Press, 1990

Redekop, Magdalene, Mothers and Other Clowns : The Stories of Alice Munro. – London: Routledge, 1992

Carscallen, James, The Other Country : Patterns in the Writing of Alice Munro. – Toronto : ECW Press, 1993

Heble, Ajay, The Tumble of Reason : Alice Munro’s Discourse of Absence. – Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1994

Howells, Coral Ann, Alice Munro. – Manchester : Manchester University Press, 1998

The Rest of the Story : Critical Essays on Alice Munro / edited by Robert Thacker. – Toronto : ECW Press, 1999

Munro, Sheila, Lives of Mothers & Daughters : Growing Up With Alice Munro. – Toronto : McClelland & Stewart, 2001

Thacker, Robert, Munro : Writing Her Lives : a Biography. – Toronto : Douglas Gibson, 2005

Mazur, Carol, Alice Munro : An Annotated Bibliography of Works and Criticism / compiled by Carol Mazur ; edited by Cathy Moulder. – Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press, 2007

Hooper, Brad, The Fiction of Alice Munro : An Appreciation. – Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2008

Skagert, Ulrica, Possibility-Space and Its Imaginative Variations in Alice Munro's Short Stories. – Stockholm : Stockholm University, 2008

Alice Munro / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. – New York : Bloom’s Literary Criticism, 2009

Duncan, Isla, Alice Munro’s Narrative Art. – New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011

Alice Munro / Charles E. May, editor. – Ipswich, Mass. : Salem Press, 2013

Alice Munro - Facts

Photo: © shapton 09

Alice Munro

Born: 10 July 1931, Wingham, Canada

Prize motivation: "master of the contemporary short story"

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2013/

Nobel Prize for Literature 2013

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013

Tuesday, October 8, 2013

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2013/med_image_press_eng.pdf
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2013/press.html

Press Release

2013-10-07

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

jointly to

James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman
and Thomas C. Südhof

for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic,
a major transport system in our cells

Summary

The 2013 Nobel Prize honours three scientists who have solved the mystery of how the cell organizes its transport system. Each cell is a factory that produces and exports molecules. For instance, insulin is manufactured and released into the blood and chemical signals called neurotransmitters are sent from one nerve cell to another. These molecules are transported around the cell in small packages called vesicles. The three Nobel Laureates have discovered the molecular principles that govern how this cargo is delivered to the right place at the right time in the cell.

Randy Schekman discovered a set of genes that were required for vesicle traffic. James Rothman unravelled protein machinery that allows vesicles to fuse with their targets to permit transfer of cargo. Thomas Südhof revealed how signals instruct vesicles to release their cargo with precision.

Through their discoveries, Rothman, Schekman and Südhof have revealed the exquisitely precise control system for the transport and delivery of cellular cargo. Disturbances in this system have deleterious effects and contribute to conditions such as neurological diseases, diabetes, and immunological disorders.

How cargo is transported in the cell

In a large and busy port, systems are required to ensure that the correct cargo is shipped to the correct destination at the right time. The cell, with its different compartments called organelles, faces a similar problem: cells produce molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and enzymes that have to be delivered to other places inside the cell, or exported out of the cell, at exactly the right moment. Timing and location are everything. Miniature bubble-like vesicles, surrounded by membranes, shuttle the cargo between organelles or fuse with the outer membrane of the cell and release their cargo to the outside. This is of major importance, as it triggers nerve activation in the case of transmitter substances, or controls metabolism in the case of hormones. How do these vesicles know where and when to deliver their cargo?

Traffic congestion reveals genetic controllers

Randy Schekman was fascinated by how the cell organizes its transport system and in the 1970s decided to study its genetic basis by using yeast as a model system. In a genetic screen, he identified yeast cells with defective transport machinery, giving rise to a situation resembling a poorly planned public transport system. Vesicles piled up in certain parts of the cell. He found that the cause of this congestion was genetic and went on to identify the mutated genes. Schekman identified three classes of genes that control different facets of the cell´s transport system, thereby providing new insights into the tightly regulated machinery that mediates vesicle transport in the cell.

Docking with precision

James Rothman was also intrigued by the nature of the cell´s transport system. When studying vesicle transport in mammalian cells in the 1980s and 1990s, Rothman discovered that a protein complex enables vesicles to dock and fuse with their target membranes. In the fusion process, proteins on the vesicles and target membranes bind to each other like the two sides of a zipper. The fact that there are many such proteins and that they bind only in specific combinations ensures that cargo is delivered to a precise location. The same principle operates inside the cell and when a vesicle binds to the cell´s outer membrane to release its contents.

It turned out that some of the genes Schekman had discovered in yeast coded for proteins corresponding to those Rothman identified in mammals, revealing an ancient evolutionary origin of the transport system. Collectively, they mapped critical components of the cell´s transport machinery.

Timing is everything

Thomas Südhof was interested in how nerve cells communicate with one another in the brain. The signalling molecules, neurotransmitters, are released from vesicles that fuse with the outer membrane of nerve cells by using the machinery discovered by Rothman and Schekman. But these vesicles are only allowed to release their contents when the nerve cell signals to its neighbours. How is this release controlled in such a precise manner? Calcium ions were known to be involved in this process and in the 1990s, Südhof searched for calcium sensitive proteins in nerve cells. He identified molecular machinery that responds to an influx of calcium ions and directs neighbour proteins rapidly to bind vesicles to the outer membrane of the nerve cell. The zipper opens up and signal substances are released. Südhof´s discovery explained how temporal precision is achieved and how vesicles´ contents can be released on command.

Vesicle transport gives insight into disease processes

The three Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental process in cell physiology. These discoveries have had a major impact on our understanding of how cargo is delivered with timing and precision within and outside the cell. Vesicle transport and fusion operate, with the same general principles, in organisms as different as yeast and man. The system is critical for a variety of physiological processes in which vesicle fusion must be controlled, ranging from signalling in the brain to release of hormones and immune cytokines. Defective vesicle transport occurs in a variety of diseases including a number of neurological and immunological disorders, as well as in diabetes. Without this wonderfully precise organization, the cell would lapse into chaos.

James E. Rothman was born 1950 in Haverhill, Massachusetts, USA. He received his PhD from Harvard Medical School in 1976, was a postdoctoral fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and moved in 1978 to Stanford University in California, where he started his research on the vesicles of the cell. Rothman has also worked at Princeton University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute and Columbia University. In 2008, he joined the faculty of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, where he is currently Professor and Chairman in the Department of Cell Biology.

Randy W. Schekman was born 1948 in St Paul, Minnesota, USA, studied at the University of California in Los Angeles and at Stanford University, where he obtained his PhD in 1974 under the supervision of Arthur Kornberg (Nobel Prize 1959) and in the same department that Rothman joined a few years later. In 1976, Schekman joined the faculty of the University of California at Berkeley, where he is currently Professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell biology. Schekman is also an investigator of Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Thomas C. Südhof was born in 1955 in Göttingen, Germany. He studied at the Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen, where he received an MD in 1982 and a Doctorate in neurochemistry the same year. In 1983, he moved to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, USA, as a postdoctoral fellow with Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein (who shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). Südhof became an investigator of Howard Hughes Medical Institute in 1991 and was appointed Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University in 2008.

Key publications:

Novick P, Schekman R: Secretion and cell-surface growth are blocked in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76:1858-1862.

Balch WE, Dunphy WG, Braell WA, Rothman JE: Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the Golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine. Cell 1984; 39:405-416.

Kaiser CA, Schekman R: Distinct sets of SEC genes govern transport vesicle formation and fusion early in the secretory pathway. Cell 1990; 61:723-733.

Perin MS, Fried VA, Mignery GA, Jahn R, Südhof TC: Phospholipid binding by a synaptic vesicle protein homologous to the regulatory region of protein kinase C. Nature 1990; 345:260-263.

Sollner T, Whiteheart W, Brunner M, Erdjument-Bromage H, Geromanos S, Tempst P, Rothman JE: SNAP receptor implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature 1993;
362:318-324.

Hata Y, Slaughter CA, Südhof TC: Synaptic vesicle fusion complex contains unc-18 homologue bound to syntaxin. Nature 1993; 366:347-351.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, Thomas C. Südhof

James E. Rothman - Facts

James E. Rothman

Born: 3 November 1950, Haverhill, MA, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"

Interview

"'Machinery'... that's exactly how I think about it"

Telephone interview with James E. Rothman following the announcement of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The interviewer is Nobelprize.org's Adam Smith.

Listen to James E. Rothman's reactions to the 2013 Medicine Prize

Read a transcript of the interview

Randy W. Schekman - Facts

Randy W. Schekman

Born: 30 December 1948, St. Paul, MN, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"

Interview

"I danced around with my wife and repeatedly said 'oh my god, oh my god'."

Telephone interview with Randy W. Schekman following the announcement of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The interviewer is Nobelprize.org's Adam Smith.

Listen to Randy W. Schekman's reactions to the 2013 Medicine Prize

Read a transcript of the interview

Thomas C. Südhof - Facts

Thomas C. Südhof

Born: 22 December 1955, Goettingen, Germany

Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"

Interview

"Are you serious?"

Telephone interview with Thomas C. Südhof following the announcement of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The interviewer is Nobelprize.org's Adam Smith.

Listen to Thomas C. Südhof's reactions to the 2013 Medicine Prize

Read a transcript of the interview

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013